/***
This is a simple Lua library for packing and unpacking binary data.
@license MIT
@module lua_pack
*/
#define	OP_ZSTRING	'z'		/* zero-terminated string */
#define	OP_BSTRING	'p'		/* string preceded by length byte */
#define	OP_WSTRING	'P'		/* string preceded by length word */
#define	OP_SSTRING	'a'		/* string preceded by length size_t */
#define	OP_STRING	'A'		/* string */
#define	OP_FLOAT	'f'		/* float */
#define	OP_DOUBLE	'd'		/* double */
#define	OP_NUMBER	'n'		/* Lua number */
#define	OP_CHAR		'c'		/* char */
#define	OP_BYTE		'C'		/* byte = unsigned char */
#define	OP_SHORT	's'		/* short */
#define	OP_USHORT	'S'		/* unsigned short */
#define	OP_INT		'i'		/* int */
#define	OP_UINT		'I'		/* unsigned int */
#define	OP_LONG		'l'		/* long */
#define	OP_ULONG	'L'		/* unsigned long */
#define	OP_LITTLEENDIAN	'<'		/* little endian */
#define	OP_BIGENDIAN	'>'		/* big endian */
#define	OP_NATIVE	'='		/* native endian */
#define OP_BINMSB 'B'
#define OP_HEX 'X'
#define OP_NULL 'x'

#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "lua.h"
#include "lualib.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"

static void badcode(lua_State *L, int c)
{
 char s[]="bad code `?'";
 s[sizeof(s)-3]=c;
 luaL_argerror(L,1,s);
}

static int doendian(int c)
{
 int x=1;
 int e=*(char*)&x;
 if (c==OP_LITTLEENDIAN) return !e;
 if (c==OP_BIGENDIAN) return e;
 if (c==OP_NATIVE) return 0;
 return 0;
}

static void doswap(int swap, void *p, size_t n)
{
 if (swap)
 {
  char *a=p;
  int i,j;
  for (i=0, j=n-1, n=n/2; n--; i++, j--)
  {
   char t=a[i]; a[i]=a[j]; a[j]=t;
  }
 }
}

#define UNPACKNUMBER(OP,T)		\
   case OP:				\
   {					\
    T a;				\
    int m=sizeof(a);			\
    if (i+m>len) goto done;		\
    memcpy(&a,s+i,m);			\
    i+=m;				\
    doswap(swap,&a,m);			\
    lua_pushnumber(L,(lua_Number)a);	\
    ++n;				\
    break;				\
   }

#define UNPACKSTRING(OP,T)		\
   case OP:				\
   {					\
    T l;				\
    int m=sizeof(l);			\
    if (i+m>len) goto done;		\
    memcpy(&l,s+i,m);			\
    doswap(swap,&l,m);			\
    if (i+m+l>len) goto done;		\
    i+=m;				\
    lua_pushlstring(L,s+i,l);		\
    i+=l;				\
    ++n;				\
    break;				\
   }

#define HEXDIGITS(DIG) \
 "0123456789ABCDEF"[DIG]

static int l_unpack(lua_State *L) 		/** unpack(s,f,[init]) */
{
 size_t len;
 const char *s=luaL_checklstring(L,1,&len);
 const char *f=luaL_checkstring(L,2);
 int i=luaL_optnumber(L,3,1)-1;
 int n=0;
 int swap=0;
 lua_pushnil(L);
 while (*f)
 {
  int c=*f++;
  int N=1;
  if (isdigit(*f)) 
  {
   N=0;
   while (isdigit(*f)) N=10*N+(*f++)-'0';
   if (N==0 && c==OP_STRING) { lua_pushliteral(L,""); ++n; }
  }
  while (N--) switch (c)
  {
   case OP_LITTLEENDIAN:
   case OP_BIGENDIAN:
   case OP_NATIVE:
   {
    swap=doendian(c);
    N=0;
    break;
   }
   case OP_STRING:
   {
    ++N;
    if (i+N>len) goto done;
    lua_pushlstring(L,s+i,N);
    i+=N;
    ++n;
    N=0;
    break;
   }
   case OP_ZSTRING:
   {
    size_t l;
    if (i>=len) goto done;
    l=strlen(s+i);
    lua_pushlstring(L,s+i,l);
    i+=l+1;
    ++n;
    break;
   }
   UNPACKSTRING(OP_BSTRING, unsigned char)
   UNPACKSTRING(OP_WSTRING, unsigned short)
   UNPACKSTRING(OP_SSTRING, size_t)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_NUMBER, lua_Number)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_DOUBLE, double)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_FLOAT, float)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_CHAR, char)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_BYTE, unsigned char)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_SHORT, short)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_USHORT, unsigned short)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_INT, int)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_UINT, unsigned int)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_LONG, long)
   UNPACKNUMBER(OP_ULONG, unsigned long)
   case OP_BINMSB:
     {
       luaL_Buffer buf;
       luaL_buffinit(L,&buf);
       unsigned char sbyte = 0x80;
       N++;
       if (i+N > len) goto done;
       unsigned int ii;
       for (ii = i; ii < i+N; ii++) {
         sbyte = 0x80;
         int ij;
         for (ij = 0; ij < 8; ij++) {
           if (s[ii] & sbyte) {
             luaL_addlstring(&buf, "1", 1);
           } else {
             luaL_addlstring(&buf, "0", 1);
           }
           sbyte = sbyte >> 1;
         }
       }
       luaL_pushresult(&buf);
       n++;
       i += N;
       N = 0;
       break;
     }
   case OP_HEX:
     {
       luaL_Buffer buf;
       char hdigit = '0';
       int val = 0;
       luaL_buffinit(L,&buf);
       N++;
       if (i+N > len) goto done;
       unsigned int ii;
       for (ii = i; ii < i+N; ii++) {
         val = s[ii] & 0xF0;
         val = val >> 4;
         hdigit = HEXDIGITS(val);
         luaL_addlstring(&buf, &hdigit, 1);

         val = s[ii] & 0x0F;
         hdigit = HEXDIGITS(val);
         luaL_addlstring(&buf, &hdigit, 1);
       }
       luaL_pushresult(&buf);
       n++;
       i += N;
       N = 0;
       break;
     }
   case OP_NULL:
    {
      i+= N + 1;
      N = 0;
      break;
    }
   case ' ': case ',':
    break;
   default:
    badcode(L,c);
    break;
  }
 }
done:
 lua_pushnumber(L,i+1);
 lua_replace(L,-n-2);
 return n+1;
}

#define PACKNUMBER(OP,T)			\
   case OP:					\
   {						\
    T a=(T)luaL_checknumber(L,i++);		\
    doswap(swap,&a,sizeof(a));			\
    luaL_addlstring(&b,(void*)&a,sizeof(a));	\
    break;					\
   }

#define PACKSTRING(OP,T)			\
   case OP:					\
   {						\
    size_t l;					\
    const char *a=luaL_checklstring(L,i++,&l);	\
    T ll=(T)l;					\
    doswap(swap,&ll,sizeof(ll));		\
    luaL_addlstring(&b,(void*)&ll,sizeof(ll));	\
    luaL_addlstring(&b,a,l);			\
    break;					\
   }

static int l_pack(lua_State *L) 		/** pack(f,...) */
{
 int i=2;
 const char *f=luaL_checkstring(L,1);
 int swap=0;
 luaL_Buffer b;
 luaL_buffinit(L,&b);
 while (*f)
 {
  int c=*f++;
  int N=1;
  if (isdigit(*f)) 
  {
   N=0;
   while (isdigit(*f)) N=10*N+(*f++)-'0';
  }
  while (N--) switch (c)
  {
   case OP_LITTLEENDIAN:
   case OP_BIGENDIAN:
   case OP_NATIVE:
   {
    swap=doendian(c);
    N=0;
    break;
   }
   case OP_STRING:
   case OP_ZSTRING:
   {
    size_t l;
    const char *a=luaL_checklstring(L,i++,&l);
    luaL_addlstring(&b,a,l+(c==OP_ZSTRING));
    break;
   }
   PACKSTRING(OP_BSTRING, unsigned char)
   PACKSTRING(OP_WSTRING, unsigned short)
   PACKSTRING(OP_SSTRING, size_t)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_NUMBER, lua_Number)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_DOUBLE, double)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_FLOAT, float)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_CHAR, char)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_BYTE, unsigned char)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_SHORT, short)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_USHORT, unsigned short)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_INT, int)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_UINT, unsigned int)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_LONG, long)
   PACKNUMBER(OP_ULONG, unsigned long)
   case OP_BINMSB:
     {
       unsigned char sbyte = 0;
       size_t l;
       unsigned int ii = 0, ia = 0;
       const char *a = luaL_checklstring(L, i++, &l);
       for (ia = 0; ia < l; ia+= 8) {
         sbyte = 0;
         for (ii = 0; ii+ia < l && ii < 8; ii++) {
           sbyte = sbyte << 1;
           if (a[ii+ia] != '0') {
             sbyte++;
           }
         }
         for (; ii < 8; ii++) {
           sbyte = sbyte << 1;
         }
         luaL_addlstring(&b, (char *) &sbyte, 1);
       }
       break;
     }

  case OP_NULL:
    {
      char nullbyte = 0;
      luaL_addlstring(&b, &nullbyte, 1);
      break;
    }

  case OP_HEX:
    { // doing digit parsing the lpack way
      unsigned char sbyte = 0;
      size_t l;
      unsigned int ii = 0;
      int odd = 0;
      const char *a = luaL_checklstring(L, i++, &l);
      for (ii = 0; ii < l; ii++) {
        if (isxdigit((int) (unsigned char) a[ii])) {
          if (isdigit((int) (unsigned char) a[ii])) {
            sbyte += a[ii] - '0';
            odd++;
          } else if (a[ii] >= 'A' && a[ii] <= 'F') {
            sbyte += a[ii] - 'A' + 10;
            odd++;
          } else if (a[ii] >= 'a' && a[ii] <= 'f') {
            sbyte += a[ii] - 'a' + 10;
            odd++;
          }
          if (odd == 1) {
            sbyte = sbyte << 4;
          } else if (odd == 2) {
            luaL_addlstring(&b, (char *) &sbyte, 1);
            sbyte = 0;
            odd = 0;
          }
        } else if (isspace(a[ii])) {
          /* ignore */
        } else {
          /* err ... ignore too*/
        }
      }
      if (odd == 1) {
        luaL_addlstring(&b, (char *) &sbyte, 1);
      }
      break;
    }
   case ' ': case ',':
    break;
   default:
    badcode(L,c);
    break;
  }
 }
 luaL_pushresult(&b);
 return 1;
}

static const luaL_Reg R[] =
{
	{"pack",	l_pack},
	{"unpack",	l_unpack},
	{NULL,	NULL}
};

int luaopen_lua_pack(lua_State *L)
{
#ifdef USE_GLOBALS
 lua_register(L,"bpack",l_pack);
 lua_register(L,"bunpack",l_unpack);
#else
 luaL_openlib(L, LUA_STRLIBNAME, R, 0);
#endif
 return 0;
}